Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) is a therapy based on the science of learning and behaviour. ABA therapy applies our understanding of how behaviour works to real situations. The goal is to increase behaviours that are helpful and decrease behaviours that are harmful or affect learning.

The methods of behaviour analysis have been used and studied for decades. They have helped many kinds of learners gain different skills – from healthier lifestyles to learning a new language. Therapists have used ABA to help children with autism and related developmental disorders since the 1960s.

Positive reinforcement is one of the main strategies used in ABA.

When a behaviour is followed by something that is valued (a reward), a person is more likely to repeat that behaviour. Over time, this encourages positive behaviour change. First, the therapist identifies a goal behaviour. Each time the person uses the behaviour or skill successfully, they get a reward. The reward is meaningful to the individual – examples include praise, a toy or book, watching a video, access to playground or other location, and more. Positive rewards encourage the person to continue using the skill. Over time this leads to meaningful behaviour change.

Our specialist team will start by doing a detailed assessment of each person’s skills and preferences. They will use this to write specific treatment goals. Family goals and preferences may be included, too. Treatment goals are written based on the age and ability level of the person, most often with those Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Goals can include many different skill areas, such as:

• Communication and language
• Social skills
• Self-care (such as showering and toileting)
• Play and leisure
• Motor skills
• Learning and academic skills

The instruction plan breaks down each of these skills into small, concrete steps. The therapist teaches each step one by one, from simple (e.g. imitating single sounds) to more complex (e.g. carrying on a conversation). Our therapists will then measure the progress by collecting data in each therapy session. Data helps them to monitor the person’s progress toward goals on an ongoing basis.